In July, 2008, I blogged about the importance of genre expansion in African Fiction, branching off into sci-fi/fantasy, romance, horror, and other neglected genres. Around the same time I discovered there were African writers doing this already,from the detective fiction guru Alexander McCall Smith of the now popularised The Number 1 Lady Detective series on HBO, Lauri Kabuitsile of Botswana who is a full-time writer producing multi-genre literature,to my friend Ivor W.Hartmann whose science fiction piece "Mr Goop" won the Baobab Fiction price for young readers. The much-awaited story has just been published for the first time on African Writing, a nod of approval from this very literary African journal.
Even as I have written about the need for such genre expansion, I have continued to stick with the literary fiction in my writing and, to a great extent, in my teaching. Most of the students coming to our fiction workshops in colleges bring many vampire and machine stories, often to be told, immediately, to write about real people doing real things in an imagined world. I have played my part, and I am proud, because those are the established standards in many of our courses. However, I have been thinking about what genre I would excel in if I were to free that part of me for a moment. The word "free" here is serious because as a literature major I was trained heavily in literary fiction which dismissed Stephen King in a second. By learning literature in Africa and in the United States, I joined the group of literary canonizers who would say read Dean Koontz or Danielle Steele but don't bring them closer to the literary pages of your essays. And all that is good, I concluded, as I mulled over Moby Dick and returned to Chaucer (in Middle English, which kinda sounded like Shona to me). All that was beautiful and it prepared me thoroughly for my career (as a teacher).
Now, the writer in me asks: "What genre or popular fiction field would I excel in?"
I have always dreamed (some say "dreamt") about writing horror fiction. Such fiction, informed by the core beliefs of the Shona culture that reared me and sometimes coming out of my dreams, would make great reading, stories of ghosts that would seem "real" and deadly, stories of a kind of witchcraft that would make the wizardry of the Harry Potter world look like a silly joke. Even Stephen King would consider a career change. But.... I am too damn literary to be (is it?)horrifying.
I understand, then, when Lauri, for instance, says the following:
I am one of the people who shouts the most about the heavy burden African writers have had to carry. They are only expected to put pen to paper if the result is literary, political and serious. So African Sue Townsends had to move on and become accountants or garbage collectors. African Barbara Cartlands became doctors or house maids. Popular fiction just wasn't for Africa- they said. Writers here needed to address African conditions and to the international world Africans don't laugh.
Anyway, let me sit and think. About a possible trilogy: The Ghosts of Mototi.
Wednesday, April 29, 2009
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About Me
- Emmanuel Sigauke
- I am currently reading Kazuo Ishiguro, Ernest Hemingway, Nadine Gordmer, D.H. Lawrence,Dambudzo Marechera, and Leo Tolstoy, Yusef Komunyakaa, Christopher Vogler, Thomas Hardy

11 comments:
At least you do consider the option of writing whatever you heart/mind might entertain, that's all good in my book :).
As you say there are elements to African (Shona) mythology that would scare the hell out of an unknowing reader. Masimba Musodza has done just this, and to great effect, in a short story at ST called Framed.
Sometimes people think I am irreverent about great literature or "literary" works (conversationally), but this is not the case. Rather that I am in my situation, all for African writers expanding to fill every existing genre and create a few new ones too. If along the way a work becomes considered a great literary work, well that's icing on the cake.
Well said Ivor. I grew up loving Poe so I too hold hopes of one day writing horror. I've written a few ghost stories, one even won a contest (The Christmas Wedding) so maybe I'm taking baby steps in that direction.
Ivor,
I enjoyed "Framed"; and of, course the possibility of creating genres is tempting.
Lauri,
Where can I access your horror story? I would love to read it.
Thanks Lauri. The works of Poe are simply amazing, he was one of my first author addictions too. Followed shortly by Bram Stoker, Mary Shelly, Clive Barker, Peter Straub, James Herbert, Koji Suzuki, Stephen King of course, and many more. And though I have tried, I never got into Koontz, Rice, Saul or Wheatley. The first story I ever wrote was a werewolf horror, so Horror or more broadly Speculative Fiction is a favourite genre of mine.
That's all I'm saying Emmanuel, we as African writers must give ourselves the freedom to write anything.
If we formed the English curriculum around genre fiction (African or international), a *lot* more people would be reading. At school I was reading about 4 books a week (at least) - and not one of them was a setbook, precisely because they were "literary". (I read the setbook in class -- or rather, the teacher read it out loud). I really think this practice in itself turns a lot of people off reading anything.
And if people aren't reading anything they're certainly not reading literary African fiction.
Yes, both reading for pleasure and for literature should be nurtured, even encouraged in the classroom. Before I was discovered, so to speak, by literature, I also read the genre fiction, the kind you would read and toss; but a work of literature, as a famous somebody once said, is to be chewed and digested for a long time; with the hope of gaining a certain deeper understanding of life; and, of course, one is not going to approach a Wole Soyinka or Andre Brink work as they would a Drumbeat romance novel. Yet, as you indicate, Colin, teachers should be happy if ANY reading is happening at all (even if sometimes the student is specializing in reading cereal box messages)...Any reading, to begin with....
Let's face it. This is a market issue. The most lucrative market for African writers is the West. The first book published in the West by an African was The Palm-Wine Drinkard, by Tutuola. Faber published it in 1953, and hit storm of objections in Nigeria. It was not serious enough, it was in pidgin, it was too "primitive". The criticism missed just what a cracking good story it was, it was story in its purest form.
Then along came Achebe in 1958, and Africa breathed. At last, a serious novel that put the dignity back into Afn civilisation. A novel in which empire struck black. Also emerging were Ngugi, Soyinka, and all those guys for whom writing was an act of righting.
Thus the tradition of serious African fiction is born. When we rejected Tutuola, we rejected plurality in our writing, and publishers responded by setting a template for what is fiction from Africa, and it was a literary fiction template.
And why not?
It is lucrative for its writers. It is prestigious for its publishers. It is brownie points for the liberal middle class conscience.
So the pattern is set. The African writer who wants to make it as a writer in the serious centres of publishing writes literary fiction.
Popular fiction, in the literary meaning of fiction for the people must be "of the people". In other words, it emerges from its base. As long as we have no publishers publishing this fiction in Africa itself, we will get nowhere.
The salvation of popular fiction for Africa is in the hands of African publishers.
And the picture is looking bright.
Storymoja is doing phenomenal things combining popular and literary fiction titles. Farafina is expanding by leaps and bounds. Our sister Zukiswa Warner is the queen of chick lit in South Africa.
And Lion Press is publishing vasts amount of popular fiction.
Things are looking up.
The market is in Africa and it must be developed in Africa.
Thanks Petina. I know it took me years to appreciate Tutuola's book; in fact, I never got a chance to read it while I was in Zim, but when in the US I noticed it was one of two or three titles on bookstore shelves, I said let me give it a try. I actually enjoyed it (the story and the use of English--there was a certain independence in it that I hadn't seen in other African writers, but, of course, there was no way I would write like that...).
So then it seems the readership is there waiting; it's the African publishers which need to step up the game in the field of popular fiction. The money isn't only in setbook.
Some of the issues raised in this popular blog are pertinent.Pop Vs. serious literature agitates academia everywhere. The comments of others are also helpful.It is always good to go back to beliefs of your community/ culture and explore them in your writings.
Petina is right things are looking up. There is a new initiative in SA for romance being started by Moky Makura- very exciting.
Emmanuel as for read The Christmas Wedding I was told it was published in a pamphlet somewhere in SA and from that has gone to this year's Caine- can genre fiction win the Caine??? I'm not hopeful. Anyway, if you'd like, I could email it to you.
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